Metformin is used in conjunction with a proper diet and exercise program.
It may be used with other medications to control high blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes.
The aim is to prevent complications such as kidney damage, blindness, nerve issues, limb loss, and sexual function problems associated with high blood sugar.
Proper diabetes control can also reduce the risk of heart attack or stroke.
Metformin works by restoring the body’s proper response to naturally produced insulin.
It reduces the amount of sugar produced by the liver and absorbed by the stomach/intestines.
Dosage and administration
Read the Patient Information Leaflet before starting metformin and with each refill; consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have questions.
Take the medication orally as directed by your doctor, usually 1 to 3 times daily with meals.
Stay adequately hydrated unless advised otherwise by your doctor.
Dosage is determined by your medical condition, treatment response, and concurrent medications; inform your doctor/pharmacist about all products used.
To minimize side effects, your doctor may initiate a low dose, gradually increasing it; adhere to instructions.
Take the medication regularly at consistent times for optimal benefits.
If transitioning from another diabetes drug, follow your doctor’s guidance on discontinuing/continuing the old drug and initiating metformin.
Monitor blood sugar regularly as per your doctor’s instructions; share results with your doctor.
Inform your doctor of high or low blood sugar levels; adjustments to dosage/treatment may be necessary.
Side effects
Possible side effects of metformin include nausea, vomiting, stomach upset, diarrhea, weakness, or a metallic taste in the mouth.
If these effects persist or worsen, inform your doctor or pharmacist promptly.
If stomach symptoms reoccur later, especially after several days or weeks, notify your doctor immediately, as they may indicate signs of lactic acidosis.
Metformin is prescribed because its benefits outweigh the risk of side effects; serious side effects are rare.
Metformin typically does not cause low blood sugar, but it may occur when taken with other diabetes medications; discuss dosage adjustments with your doctor or pharmacist.
Symptoms of low blood sugar include sweating, shaking, fast heartbeat, hunger, blurred vision, dizziness, or tingling hands/feet.
Carry glucose tablets or gel to treat low blood sugar; in their absence, raise blood sugar quickly with sources like sugar, honey, candy, fruit juice, or non-diet soda.
Report low blood sugar reactions to your doctor promptly.
High blood sugar symptoms include increased thirst/urination; inform your doctor if these occur for necessary adjustments to medication, exercise, or diet.
Stop taking metformin and notify your doctor immediately if signs of lactic acidosis, a serious side effect, occur.
A severe allergic reaction to metformin is rare; seek immediate medical help if you experience rash, itching/swelling, severe dizziness, or trouble breathing.
This is not an exhaustive list of possible side effects; contact your doctor or pharmacist if you observe other effects not mentioned.
Precautions
Inform your doctor or pharmacist about any allergies to metformin or other substances in the product, as it may contain inactive ingredients that could cause allergic reactions.
Prior to using this medication, disclose your medical history to your doctor or pharmacist, especially if you have severe breathing problems, blood problems, kidney disease, or liver disease.
Before undergoing surgery or any X-ray/scanning procedure with iodinated contrast, inform your doctor or dentist about all products you use; you may need to temporarily stop the medication. Seek instructions before the surgery or procedure.
Due to potential effects on blood sugar levels, be cautious about activities requiring alertness or clear vision, as blurred vision, dizziness, or drowsiness may occur.
Limit alcohol intake while using this medication to reduce the risk of lactic acidosis and low blood sugar.
Conditions like high fever, diuretic use, excessive sweating, diarrhea, or vomiting may lead to dehydration and increase the risk of lactic acidosis. Stop the medication and notify your doctor if experiencing prolonged diarrhea or vomiting; stay hydrated unless advised otherwise.
Controlling blood sugar during periods of stress (fever, infection, injury, or surgery) may require adjustments in treatment; consult your doctor.
Older adults may be at a higher risk of side effects such as low blood sugar or lactic acidosis.
During pregnancy, use this medication only if necessary, and discuss risks and benefits with your doctor. Your doctor may recommend insulin instead of metformin during pregnancy.
Metformin can affect the menstrual cycle and increase the risk of pregnancy. Consult your doctor or pharmacist about reliable birth control methods while using this medication.
Metformin passes into breast milk in small amounts; consult your doctor before breastfeeding.
Additional information
Scientific Name:
Metformin, Metformin Hydrochloride
Formulation:
Tablet
Strength(s):
500mg, 850mg, 1000mg
Quantities Available:
84, 100, 168
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Glucophage
Metformin
